Little Known Facts About Birefringent Crystal.
Little Known Facts About Birefringent Crystal.
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Due to distinction in refractive indices, one particular ray will go through the crystal at a slower charge than the opposite ray. In other words, the velocity of the slower ray will likely be retarded with respect to the a lot quicker ray. This retardation worth (the relative retardation) is usually quantitatively established making use of the subsequent equation:
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The polarization dependence of your refractive index can have a range of effects, a few of which happen to be very crucial in nonlinear optics and laser engineering:
Where G is the quantitative retardation of the fabric, t is the thickness in the birefringent crystal (or product) and B may be the measured birefringence, as outlined higher than. Aspects contributing to the value of retardation would be the magnitude of the real difference in refractive indices for your environments seen via the normal and amazing rays, as well as the specimen thickness.
The everyday and extraordinary wavefronts in uniaxial crystals coincide at possibly the sluggish or perhaps the quick axis of the ellipsoid, relying upon the distribution of refractive indices within the crystal (illustrated in Figure six). The optical path change or relative retardation amongst these rays is determined by the lag of 1 wave driving the other in area wavefronts alongside the propagation path.
类似的，激光光束在存在热效应诱导的双折射效应的激光器晶体中传输时，偏振态也发生变化。这一变化与位置有关，因为双折射轴方向是变化的（例如，通常是轴向变化）。这一变化（与激光器谐振腔中的偏振光元件结合）是去极化损耗的来源。
Figure seven illustrates a birefringent (anisotropic) crystal positioned concerning two polarizers whose vibration directions are oriented perpendicular to each other (and lying in directions indicated through the arrows beside the polarizer and analyzer labels).
Notice that these axes are perpendicular to one another. The crystal optical axis, read more that makes an equal angle (103 levels) with all three crystal faces joined for the corner, can be indicated at the lessen part of the crystal. The degree of birefringence in calcite is so pronounced that the photographs on the letter A formed via the common and extraordinary rays are fully separated. This significant degree of birefringence is not really observed in all anisotropic crystals.
光纤和其它波导中，采用有效折射率差值描述更好。这与传播常数虚部的差值直接相关。
双折射现象的明显例子是方解石。透过方解石的菱面体就可以看到明显重影。
Figure 8(a) illustrates the anisotropic tetragonal, birefringent crystal within an orientation where by the prolonged (optical) axis on the crystal lies parallel for the transmission azimuth from the polarizer. In this instance, mild passing with the polarizer, and subsequently throughout the crystal, is vibrating inside a plane which is parallel towards the route on the polarizer. For the reason that Not one of the mild incident on the crystal is refracted into divergent standard and amazing waves, the isotropic mild waves passing through the crystal are unsuccessful to make electric vector vibrations in the right orientation to traverse with the analyzer and generate interference results (begin to see the horizontal arrow in Determine 8(a), as well as discussion down below).
If a linearly polarized laser beam propagates by way of a birefringent medium, you will find commonly two polarization components with unique wavenumbers. For that reason, the optical phases of The 2 linear polarization components evolve in different ways, and For that reason the resulting polarization state (from the superposition of The 2 factors) adjustments in the course of propagation.
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In laser technology and nonlinear optics, the phenomenon of birefringence occurs largely in the context of non-isotropic crystals:
在激光器技术和非线性光学中，双折射现象通常发生在非各向同性晶体中：